@article{ref1,
title="Decreased incidence of knee posterior cruciate ligament injury in Australian Football League after ruck rule change",
journal="British journal of sports medicine",
year="2009",
author="Orchard, J. W. and Seward, H.",
volume="43",
number="13",
pages="1026-1030",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a rule change introduced in the Australian Football League (AFL) before the start of the 2005 season, to limit the run-up of ruckmen at the centre bounce, has been successful in reducing the incidence of knee posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. <br><br>DESIGN: Cohort study with historical control. SETTING: The AFL competition from 1992 to 2008 inclusive. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: The presence of a rule change (four seasons) compared with the previous 13 seasons (divided into two eras of seven and six seasons). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Occurrence of knee PCL injury during a regular season or finals match, both from all causes and specifically from centre bounce ruck collision mechanisms. <br><br>RESULTS: From 1992 to 1998 there were 11.0 PCL injuries per 10,000 player-hours, with 0.8 ruck injuries per 10,000 centre bounces. From 1999 to 2004, the rates increased to 12.9 per 10,000 player-hours and 5.6 ruck injuries per 10,000 centre bounces (p<0.01). The rates reduced to 5.9 PCL injuries per 10,000 player-hours and 0.9 ruck injuries per 10,000 centre bounces in the period 2005-2008 following the rule change (p<0.01). There was a lower relative risk in 2005-2008 than in 1999-2004 of incurring a centre bounce ruck PCL injury (0.16 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.69)) or of sustaining any PCL injury (0.45 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.75)). <br><br>CONCLUSION: A rule change in the AFL to limit the run-up of ruckmen at the centre bounce has successfully reduced the rate of PCL injuries with this mechanism, with the total incidence of PCL injuries also falling.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-3674",
doi="10.1136/bjsm.2009.063123",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.063123"
}