@article{ref1,
title="Structural validity of a self-report concussion-related symptom scale",
journal="Medicine and science in sports and exercise",
year="2006",
author="Piland, Scott G. and Motl, Robert W. and Guskiewicz, Kevin M. and McCrea, Michael and Ferrara, Michael S.",
volume="38",
number="1",
pages="27-32",
abstract="PURPOSE: This study evaluated the factorial validity of a self-report measure of concussion-related symptom severity among a large sample of male, high-school athletes. <br><br>METHODS: Participants (N = 1089) were nonconcussed, male, high-school American football players. All participants completed a single baseline self-report measure of concussion-related symptom severity, namely the graded symptom checklist (GSC). We tested the factorial validity of the measure with confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL 8.50. <br><br>RESULTS: The analysis indicated that a theoretically derived, three-factor model provided a good, but not excellent, fit for the 16-item GSC. Excellent model-data fit was demonstrated for the three-factor model for a 9-item version of the GSC. In both instances, the three factors were best described by a single second-order factor, namely concussion symptomatology. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional evidence for the factorial validity of a summative self-reported measure of concussion-related symptoms. The factor structure represents a cohesive group of nine symptoms that can be explained by three underlying latent variables, namely somatic symptoms, neurobehavioral symptoms, and &quot;cognitive&quot; symptoms, subsumed under a single higher-order factor, namely concussion symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0195-9131",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}