@article{ref1,
title="Treatment-resistant depression: state of the art. Part I. Nosography and clinic",
journal="Rivista di psichiatria",
year="2014",
author="Luchini, Federica and Cosentino, Luca and Pensabene, Laura and Mauri, Mauro and Lattanzi, Lorenzo",
volume="49",
number="5",
pages="207-216",
abstract="Aims. This work would give an overall vision of the actual knowledge about nosography and clinic of treatment-resistant depression. <br><br>METHOD. A PubMed, PsychInfo, Google Scolar search was done using the key words &quot;resistant depression&quot;, &quot;STAR*D&quot;, &quot;bipolar depression&quot;, &quot;staging&quot;. Have been selected exclusively works in English, French and Italian languages. <br><br>RESULTS. Treatment-resistant depression is one of the most important problem in public health. Nevertheless a general consensus about its definition and staging does not exist at now. Principal risk factors and associated comorbidities are well known including the association with bipolar spectrum; anyway the disease particularly common among depressed outpatients is still very disabling, responsible of an often chronic course, with numerous relapses and high risk of suicide. <br><br>DISCUSSION and conclusion. The future investigations, once improved procedures for differential diagnosis and subtyping of clinical depression, should be directed to the search of a shared definition of treatment resistance and the development of specific therapeutic protocols.<p /> <p>Language: it</p>",
language="it",
issn="0035-6484",
doi="10.1708/1668.18260",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1708/1668.18260"
}