@article{ref1,
title="The interactive effect of maltreatment in the family and unstable institutional caregiving in predicting behavior problems in toddlers",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="2014",
author="Baptista, Joana and Belsky, Jay and Marques, Sofia and Silva, Joana R. and Oliveira, Paula and Mesquita, Ana and Martins, Carla and Soares, Isabel",
volume="38",
number="12",
pages="2072-2079",
abstract="The current study extends research on the effects of institutionalization, most notably by examining whether-and how-both pre-institutional maltreatment in the family and the stability and consistency of institutional care interact to shape emotional and behavioral development. Fifty Portuguese children, placed in residential institutions when 8 days to 26 months of age, were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist when aged 18-31 months. Caregiver-rated internalizing and externalizing behavior problems proved to be unrelated to both early family and institutional experiences, as main effects, but the interaction of these factors significantly predicted externalizing problems: a history of maltreatment in the family coupled with unstable institutional caregiving arrangements predicted especially elevated levels of externalizing problems. <br><br>RESULTS are discussed in terms of the importance of more distal and proximate developmental experiences.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.015"
}