@article{ref1,
title="Understanding Tobacco-Related Attitudes among College and Noncollege Young Adult Hookah and Cigarette Users",
journal="Journal of American college health",
year="2014",
author="Lee, Youn Ok and Bahreinifar, Sareh and Ling, Pamela M.",
volume="62",
number="1",
pages="10-18",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in tobacco-related attitudes and hookah and cigarette use among college and noncollege young adults. Participants: Time-location samples of young adult bar patrons in San Diego, California (&quot;N&quot; = 2,243), Tulsa (&quot;N&quot; = 2,095) and Oklahoma City (&quot;N&quot; = 2,200), Oklahoma, Albuquerque (&quot;N&quot; = 1,044) and Las Cruces (&quot;N&quot; = 894), New Mexico, between September 2009 and July 2011. <br><br>METHODS: Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between hookah and cigarette use and tobacco-related attitudes. <br><br>RESULTS: Current college students and graduates are less likely to smoke cigarettes, but more likely to use hookah. Among current hookah users, 22.6% were hookah-only users and 77.4% were dual users (cigarettes and hookah). College status is associated with different hookah use patterns, and those with anti-tobacco industry attitudes were more likely to smoke hookah. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Novel interventions are needed for college students using hookah. Existing strategies targeting smokers with anti-tobacco industry messages may be irrelevant to hookah users.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0744-8481",
doi="10.1080/07448481.2013.842171",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.842171"
}