@article{ref1,
title="A prospective study of trends in consumption of cigarettes and alcohol among adults in a rural Ugandan population cohort, 1994-2011",
journal="Tropical medicine and international health",
year="2014",
author="Asiki, Gershim and Baisley, Kathy and Kamali, Anatoli and Kaleebu, Pontiano and Seeley, Janet and Newton, Robert",
volume="20",
number="4",
pages="527-536",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To characterise trends over time in smoking and alcohol consumption in a rural Ugandan population between 1994 and 2011. <br><br>METHODS: We used self-reported data from a long-standing population cohort - the General Population Cohort. From 1989-1999, the study population comprised about 10,000 residents of 15 adjacent villages. From 1999, 10 more villages were added, doubling the population. Among adults (≥13 years, who comprise about half of the total study population) data on smoking were collected in 1994/95, 2008/9 and in 2010/11. Data on alcohol were collected in 1996/1997, 2000/2001, 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. <br><br>RESULTS: The reported prevalence of smoking among men was 17% in 1994/1995, 14% in 2008/2009 and 16% in 2010/2011; equivalent figures for women were 1.5%, 1% and 2%. In the most recent time period, for both sexes combined, prevalence of smoking increased from 1.5% in those aged <29 years, to 18% in those 50+ years (P<0.001); prevalence was 14.8% in the lowest tertile of socio-economic status, decreasing to 3.7% in the highest (P<0.001). For alcohol consumption, current drinking was reported by 39% in 1996/1997, 35% in 2000/2001 and 28% in 2010/2011; men were more likely to drink than women (32.9% vs. 23.5% in 2010/2011) and consumption increased with age (P<0.001); was associated with low socio-economic status, riskier sexual behaviour and being HIV positive (P<0.001). <br><br>CONCLUSION: In this rural Ugandan population, consumption of cigarettes and alcohol is higher among men than women, increases with age and is more frequent among those with low socio-economic status. We find no evidence of increases in either exposure over time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1360-2276",
doi="10.1111/tmi.12451",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12451"
}