@article{ref1,
title="Suicidal events among pathological gamblers: the role of comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders",
journal="Psychiatry research",
year="2014",
author="Bischof, Anja and Meyer, Christian and Bischof, Gallus and John, Ulrich and Wurst, Friedrich Martin and Thon, Natasha and Lucht, Michael and Grabe, Hans Joergen and Rumpf, Hans-Juergen",
volume="225",
number="3",
pages="413-419",
abstract="The risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among pathological gamblers is high compared to the general population. Little is known about the interplay of Axis I and Axis II disorders, severity of gambling disorder, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The study aims to address this linkage. The sampling design of the study &quot;Pathological Gambling and Epidemiology&quot; (PAGE) included four recruitment channels: general population, gambling locations, project telephone hotline, and in-patient treatment for pathological gambling. A total of 442 study participants with lifetime pathological gambling received a clinical interview. The multivariate analysis showed mood disorders (Relative Risk Ratio, RRR=5.14, 95%-Confidence Interval, CI=2.91-9.07), substance use disorders (RRR=1.73, CI=1.02-2.94), and early onset of gambling disorder (RRR=0.96, CI=0.93-0.99) to be associated with suicidal ideation. Suicidal attempts were associated with female sex (RRR=3.58, CI=1.56-8.19), mood disorders (RRR=11.92, CI=4.70-30.26), and Cluster B personality disorders (RRR=2.40, CI=1.13-5.10). Among study participants with suicide attempts, more had a Cluster B personality disorder than among participants with ideation solely (RRR=3.08, CI=1.48-6.40). Among this large mixed sample of pathological gamblers, high proportions of individuals with suicidal events, multi-morbidity on Axis I, and a strong linkage to Cluster B personality disorders were found.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-1781",
doi="10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.074",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.074"
}