@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence and correlates of substance use among trans*female youth ages 16-24 years in the San Francisco Bay Area",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2014",
author="Rowe, Chris and Santos, Glenn-Milo and McFarland, Willi and Wilson, Erin C.",
volume="147",
number="",
pages="160-166",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Substance use is highly prevalent among transgender (trans*) females and has been associated with negative health outcomes, including HIV infection. Little is known about psychosocial risk factors that may influence the onset of substance use among trans*female youth, which can contribute to health disparities during adulthood. <br><br>METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of a study on HIV risk and resilience among trans*female youth (N=292). Prevalence of substance use was assessed and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, gender-related discrimination, parental drug or alcohol problems (PDAP) and multiple substance use outcomes. <br><br>RESULTS: Most (69%) of the trans*female youth reported recent drug use. In multivariable analyses, those with PTSD had increased odds of drug use [AOR=1.94 (95% CI=1.09-3.44)]. Those who experienced gender-related discrimination had increased odds of drug use [AOR=2.28 (95% CI=1.17-4.44)], drug use concurrent with sex [AOR=2.35 (95% CI=1.11-4.98)] and use of multiple drugs [AOR=3.24 (95% CI=1.52-6.88)]. Those with psychological distress had increased odds of using multiple heavy drugs [AOR=2.27 (95% CI=1.01-5.12)]. Those with PDAP had increased odds of drugs use [AOR=2.62 (95% CI=1.43-4.82)], drug use concurrent with sex [AOR=2.01 (95% CI, 1.15-3.51)] and use of multiple drugs [AOR=2.10 (95% CI=1.22-3.62)]. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Substance use is highly prevalent among trans*female youth and was significantly associated with psychosocial risk factors. In order to effectively address substance use among trans*female youth, efforts must address coping related to gender-based discrimination and trauma. Furthermore, structural level interventions aiming to reduce stigma and gender-identity discrimination might also be effective.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.023",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.023"
}