@article{ref1,
title="Population-based incidence of sudden cardiac and unexpected death before and after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Iwate, northeast Japan",
journal="Journal of the American Heart Association",
year="2014",
author="Niiyama, Masanobu and Tanaka, Fumitaka and Nakajima, Satoshi and Itoh, Tomonori and Matsumoto, Tatsuya and Kawakami, Mikio and Naganuma, Yujiro and Omama, Shinichi and Komatsu, Takashi and Onoda, Toshiyuki and Sakata, Kiyomi and Ichikawa, Takashi and Nakamura, Motoyuki",
volume="3",
number="3",
pages="e000798-e000798",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal impact of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami on the incidence of sudden cardiac and unexpected death (SCUD). <br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: We surveyed the impact of the disaster on the incidence and clinical characteristics of SCUD in Iwate. To perform complete identification of SCUD for 8 weeks before and 40 weeks after the disaster, medical records and death certificates relevant to SCUD were surveyed in the study area. Compared with the previous year's rate, the incidence (per 10 000 person-year) of SCUD for the initial 4 weeks after the disaster (acute phase) was double (33.5 vs 18.9), and thereafter the rate returned to the previous level. Significant relationships were found between weekly numbers of SCUD and seismic activity (intensity, r=0.43; P<0.005: frequency, r=0.46; P<0.002). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of SCUD in the acute phase was significantly increased compared with that of previous years (1.71, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.16). Increased SIRs were predominantly found in female subjects (1.73, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.37), the elderly (1.73, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.27), and residents living in the tsunami-stricken area (1.83, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.46). In addition, SIRs for weekdays (1.71, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.24) and nights-mornings (2.09, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.86) were amplified. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that the magnitude of a disaster, related stress, and population aging may cause a temporary increase in the incidence of SCUD with amplification of ordinary weekly and circadian variations.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2047-9980",
doi="10.1161/JAHA.114.000798",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.000798"
}