@article{ref1,
title="Factors associated with over-serving at drinking establishments",
journal="Addiction",
year="2015",
author="Buvik, Kristin and Rossow, Ingeborg",
volume="110",
number="4",
pages="602-609",
abstract="AIMS: To address characteristics of drinking establishments, bartenders and patrons that may affect the likelihood of over-serving. <br><br>DESIGN: A systematic examination of 425 purchase attempts with pseudo-intoxicated patrons enacting scripts that, according to the law, should lead to the denial of alcohol sales. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Drinking establishments in the three largest cities in Norway (Trondheim, Bergen, and Oslo) were visited by male and female actors aged 20-30 years on weekend nights, with a total of 425 purchase items. MEASUREMENTS: Over-serving was recorded when the pseudo-intoxicated patron was served alcohol. Characteristics of the drinking establishment, the bartender and the pseudo-intoxicated patron were systematically recorded. <br><br>RESULTS: Pseudo-intoxicated patrons were served in 347 of 425 purchase attempts (82%). In bi-variate analyses, over-serving rate increased with venue characteristics, music/noise level and intoxication level among patrons. These factors were inter-correlated and correlated with poor lighting. Over-serving rate was also higher when the pseudo-intoxicated patron was female and when the purchase attempt occurred after midnight. In multi-variate analyses, two factors increased the likelihood of over-serving significantly: a high problematic bar indicator score (poor lighting, high music/noise level and high intoxication level among patrons) (adjusted OR=3.5, 95% CI = 1.9, 6.4) and female gender of pseudo-intoxicated patron (adjusted OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.4, 4.7). The rate of over-serving was 95% when both risk factors were present and 67 % when both factors were absent. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In urban settings in Norway, it is likely that over-serving occurs frequently, and is increased by the risk factors of poor lighting, loud music and high intoxication level among patrons. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.12843",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12843"
}