@article{ref1,
title="Quadrimodal distribution of death after trauma suggests that critical injury is a potentially terminal disease",
journal="Journal of critical care",
year="2015",
author="Santry, Heena P. and Psoinos, Charles M. and Wilbert, Christopher J. and Flahive, Julie M. and Kroll-Desrosiers, Aimee R. and Emhoff, Timothy A. and Kiefe, Catarina I.",
volume="30",
number="3",
pages="656.e1-6567",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Patterns of death after trauma are changing due to advances in critical care. We examined mortality in critically injured patients who survived index hospitalization. <br><br>METHODS: Retrospective analysis of adults admitted to a Level-1 trauma center (1/1/2000-12/31/2010) with critical injury was conducted comparing patient characteristics, injury, and resource utilization between those who died during follow-up and survivors. <br><br>RESULTS: Of 1,695 critically injured patients, 1,135 (67.0%) were discharged alive. As of 5/1/2012, 977/1,135 (86.0%) remained alive; 75/158 (47.5%) patients who died during follow-up, died in the first year. Patients who died had longer hospital stays (24 vs. 17 days) and ICU LOS (17 vs. 8 days), were more likely to undergo tracheostomies (36% vs. 16%) and gastrostomies (39% vs. 16%) and to be discharged to rehabilitation (76% vs. 63%) or skilled nursing (13% vs. 5.8%) facilities than survivors. In multivariable models, male sex, older age, and longer ICU LOS predicted mortality. Patients with ICU LOS >16 days had 1.66 odds of 1-year mortality vs. those with shorter ICU stays. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ICU LOS during index hospitalization is associated with post-discharge mortality. Patients with prolonged ICU stays after surviving critical injury may benefit from detailed discussions about goals of care after discharge.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0883-9441",
doi="10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.01.003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.01.003"
}