@article{ref1,
title="Questionnaire survey of ocular injuries due to fireworks in Japan",
journal="Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi",
year="2014",
author="Tawara, Akihiko and Watanabe, Akihisa and Endo, Ayuko and Kondo, Hiroyuki",
volume="118",
number="12",
pages="1007-1012",
abstract="PURPOSE: To report the results of a questionnaire survey of ocular injuries caused by fireworks in 2011. <br><br>METHODS: A survey was performed by recovery of questionnaire postcards asking details of firework-related ocular injuries which were sent to 1,094 institutes recognized as training hospitals by the Japan Ophthalmological Society. <br><br>RESULTS: The cards were recovered from 57.9% institutes, and showed that 23 eyes of 20 patients (17 men and 3 women) with firework-related ocular injuries were seen in 19 institutes. The patients' ages ranged from 1 to 45 (average 18.4) years old. Injuries were caused by either carelessness or accidents in 18 eyes of 15 patients, and by wrong usage of fireworks in 5 eyes of 5 young men (15-27 years old). These 5 eyes showed severe injuries involving the lens and/or retina, and required surgical treatment with finally measured visual acuities 0.4 or less. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In Japan, hazardous use of fireworks seems to cause severe eye injuries from which at least 5 young adults suffered during one fireworks' season. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken including public education on the usage of fireworks.<p /> <p>Language: ja</p>",
language="ja",
issn="0029-0203",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}