@article{ref1,
title="Assault-related maxillofacial injuries: the results from the European Maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) multicenter and prospective collaboration",
journal="Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology",
year="2014",
author="Boffano, Paolo and Roccia, Fabio and Zavattero, Emanuele and Dediol, Emil and Uglešić, Vedran and Kovačič, Ziga and Vesnaver, Aleš and Konstantinovic, Vitomir S. and Petrović, Milan and Stephens, Jonny and Kanzaria, Amar and Bhatti, Nabeel and Holmes, Stephen and Pechalova, Petia F. and Bakardjiev, Angel G. and Malanchuk, Vladislav A. and Kopchak, Andrey V. and Galteland, Pål and Mjøen, Even and Skjelbred, Per and Bertin, Helios and Marion, F. and Guiol, Julien and Corre, Pierre and Løes, Sigbjørn and Lekven, Njål and Laverick, Sean and Gordon, Peter and Tamme, Tiia and Akermann, Stephanie and Karagozoglu, K. Hakki and Kommers, Sofie C. and Forouzanfar, Tymour",
volume="119",
number="4",
pages="385-391",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present and discuss the demographic characteristics and patterns of assault-related maxillofacial fractures as reported by a European multicenter prospective study. STUDY DESIGN: Demographic and injury data were recorded for each patient who was a victim of an assault. <br><br>RESULTS: Assaults represented the most frequent etiology of maxillofacial trauma with an overall rate of 39% and the values ranging between 60.8% (Kiev, Ukraine) and 15.4% (Bergen, Norway). The most frequent mechanisms of assault-related maxillofacial fractures were fists in 730 cases, followed by kicks and fists. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible (814 fractures), followed by orbito-zygomatic-maxillary complex fractures and orbital fractures. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirmed the strong possibility that patients with maxillofacial fractures may be victims of physical aggression. The crucial role of alcohol in assault-related fractures was also confirmed by our study.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2212-4403",
doi="10.1016/j.oooo.2014.12.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2014.12.004"
}