@article{ref1,
title="Developmental progression to early adult binge drinking and marijuana use from worsening versus stable trajectories of adolescent ADHD and delinquency",
journal="Addiction",
year="2015",
author="Howard, Andrea L. and Molina, Brooke S. G. and Swanson, James M. and Hinshaw, Stephen P. and Belendiuk, Katherine A. and Harty, Seth C. and Arnold, L. Eugene and Abikoff, Howard B. and Hechtman, Lily and Stehli, Annamarie and Greenhill, Laurence L. and Newcorn, Jeffrey H. and Wigal, Timothy",
volume="110",
number="5",
pages="784-795",
abstract="AIMS: To examine the association between developmental trajectories of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and delinquency through childhood and adolescence (ages 8-16) and subsequent binge drinking and marijuana use in early adulthood (age 21). <br><br>DESIGN: Prospective naturalistic follow-up of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) previously enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Treatment-phase assessments occurred at 3, 9, and 14 months after randomization; follow-up assessments occurred at 24 months, 36 months, and 6, 8, and 12 years after randomization. SETTING: Secondary analysis of data from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA), a multi-site RCT comparing the effects of careful medication management, intensive behavior therapy, their combination, and referral to usual community care. PARTICIPANTS: 579 children with DSM-IV ADHD combined type, aged 7.0 and 9.9 years old at baseline (M=8.5, SD=.80). MEASUREMENTS: Ratings of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and delinquency were collected from multiple informants at baseline and through the 8-year follow-up. Self-reports of binge drinking and marijuana use were collected at the 12-year follow-up (M age 21). <br><br>FINDINGS: Trajectories of worsening inattention symptoms and delinquency (and less apparent improvement in hyperactivity-impulsivity) were associated with higher rates of early adult binge drinking and marijuana use, compared with trajectories of stable or improving symptoms and delinquency (of 24 comparisons, 22 p-values <.05), even when symptom levels in stable trajectories were high. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Worsening inattention symptoms and delinquency during adolescence are associated with increased levels of early adult substance use; this pattern may reflect a developmental course of vulnerability to elevated substance use in early adulthood.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.12880",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12880"
}