@article{ref1,
title="Is sex an indicator of prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic analysis of the findings of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2015",
author="Cancelliere, Carol and Donovan, James and Cassidy, J. David",
volume="97",
number="2 Suppl",
pages="S5-S18",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine sex differences in the recovery and prognosis after MTBI in adults and children. DATA SOURCES: We analyzed all scientifically admissible primary studies in the World Health Organization (WHO) (n=120) and International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis (ICoMP) (n=101) systematic reviews regarding prognosis of MTBI for sex-stratified findings. They searched MEDLINE and other databases from 1980-2000 (WHO) and 2001-2012 (ICoMP) for published, peer-reviewed reports in English and other languages. STUDY SELECTION: We selected controlled trials, cohort and case-control studies that assessed the effect of sex on outcomes following MTBI. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from the eligible studies from both systematic reviews combined (n=14, 7%) were extracted into evidence tables. DATA SYNTHESIS: Prognostic information relating to sex was prioritized according to design as exploratory or confirmatory and a best-evidence synthesis was conducted. After MTBI, females may have a higher risk of epilepsy (children, young adults) and suicide, and use more healthcare services; males may be at higher risk for schizophrenia. The majority of studies did not find a sex difference for post-concussion symptoms in children and adults. No sex difference was found for risk of dementia and primary brain tumour, return-to-work, or post-traumatic stress syndrome. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Sex is not a well-studied prognostic indicator for recovery after MTBI, but small sex differences were found for some outcomes. More well-designed studies are needed that report outcomes according to sex and control for potential confounders.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.028"
}