@article{ref1,
title="Conduct behaviors and oppositional defiant behaviors in children and adolescents with ADHD",
journal="Postgraduate medicine",
year="2015",
author="Ghanizadeh, Ahmad",
volume="127",
number="3",
pages="289-294",
abstract="There is controversy about the association among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder behaviors, and oppositional defiant behaviors. This study examines whether different subcategories of conduct behaviors co-occur in children with ADHD, and investigates the association of conduct behaviors with ADHD symptoms and oppositional defiant behavior, considering the covariant factors of parental age and educational level. A total of 441 children and adolescents with ADHD participated in this study - 342 (77.6%) boys and 99 girls (22.4%). Their mean age was 9.1 (standard deviation = 2.2) years. They came from families with 1 to 8 children. There were statistically significant correlations among different subcategories of conduct disorder (p < 0.001 for all the correlations). Oppositional behavior scores were associated with all 4 subcategories of conduct behaviors. The severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity was associated with the subcategory of &quot;destruction of property.&quot; The inattentiveness score was associated with &quot;aggression to people and animals.&quot; The current results do not suggest that conduct behaviors exclude oppositional defiant behaviors. The subcategories of conduct behaviors occur in a cluster rather than as a solitary behavior. Larger family size and lower educational level of the father increase the risk of aggression to people and animals in children with ADHD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0032-5481",
doi="10.1080/00325481.2015.996434",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2015.996434"
}