@article{ref1,
title="Development of a test for recording both visual and auditory reaction times, potentially useful for future studies in patients on opioids therapy",
journal="Drug design, development and therapy",
year="2015",
author="Miceli, Luca and Bednarova, Rym and Rizzardo, Alessandro and Samogin, Valentina and Della Rocca, Giorgio",
volume="9",
number="",
pages="817-822",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Italian Road Law limits driving while undergoing treatment with certain kinds of medication. Here, we report the results of a test, run as a smartphone application (app), assessing auditory and visual reflexes in a sample of 300 drivers. The scope of the test is to provide both the police force and medication-taking drivers with a tool that can evaluate the individual's capacity to drive safely. <br><br>METHODS: The test is run as an app for Apple iOS and Android mobile operating systems and facilitates four different reaction times to be assessed: simple visual and auditory reaction times and complex visual and auditory reaction times. Reference deciles were created for the test results obtained from a sample of 300 Italian subjects. <br><br>RESULTS lying within the first three deciles were considered as incompatible with safe driving capabilities. <br><br>RESULTS: Performance is both age-related (r>0.5) and sex-related (female reaction times were significantly slower than those recorded for male subjects, P<0.05). Only 21% of the subjects were able to perform all four tests correctly. <br><br>CONCLUSION: We developed and fine-tuned a test called Safedrive that measures visual and auditory reaction times through a smartphone mobile device; the scope of the test is two-fold: to provide a clinical tool for the assessment of the driving capacity of individuals taking pain relief medication; to promote the sense of social responsibility in drivers who are on medication and provide these individuals with a means of testing their own capacity to drive safely.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1177-8881",
doi="10.2147/DDDT.S77978",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S77978"
}