@article{ref1,
title="Childhood ADHD symptoms are associated with lifetime and current illicit substance-use disorders and in-site health risk behaviors in a representative sample of Latino prison inmates",
journal="Journal of attention disorders",
year="2015",
author="González, Rafael A. and Vélez-Pastrana, María C. and Varcárcel, José J. Ruiz and Levin, Frances R. and Albizu-García, Carmen E.",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="301-312",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore retrospective childhood ADHD symptomatology, psychiatric comorbidity, rates of substance-use disorders (SUD), as well as their association with high-risk health behaviors in prison and adverse health outcomes. <br><br>METHOD: A randomly selected representative sample of inmates in the Puerto Rico correctional system (N = 1,179) was assessed with the Spanish-language Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS); the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) modules for lifetime/current major depression disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and SUD; the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS; posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]); and self-reports of in-site high-risk behaviors. <br><br>RESULTS: Wald χ2 tests revealed significant associations of ADHD with MDD and PTSD, as well as increased risk for overdosing and intravenous drug use in prison. A logistic regression model adjusted for mood and anxiety comorbidity predicted lifetime SUD diagnosis (odds ratio = 2.38; 95% confidence interval = [1.15, 4.94]). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results provide further evidence on the association of drug dependence and ADHD symptoms, and their overrepresentation among prison inmates.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1087-0547",
doi="10.1177/1087054712461690",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054712461690"
}