@article{ref1,
title="Framing effects in narrative and non-narrative risk messages",
journal="Risk analysis",
year="2015",
author="Steinhardt, Joseph and Shapiro, Michael A.",
volume="35",
number="8",
pages="1423-1436",
abstract="Narrative messages are increasingly popular in health and risk campaigns, yet gain/loss framing effects have never been tested with such messages. Three experiments examined framing in narrative messages. Experiment 1 found that only the character's decision, not framing, influenced judgments about characters in a narrative derived from a prospect theory context. Experiment 2 found that a framing effect that occurred when presented in a decision format did not occur when the same situation was presented as a narrative. Using a different story/decision context, Experiment 3 found no significant difference in preference for surgery over radiation therapy in a narrative presentation compared to a non-narrative presentation. The results suggest that health and risk campaigns cannot assume that framing effects will be the same in narrative messages and non-narrative messages. Potential reasons for these differences and suggestions for future research are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0272-4332",
doi="10.1111/risa.12368",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/risa.12368"
}