@article{ref1,
title="Thirty years of sex stratification in violent crime partnerships and groups",
journal="Feminist criminology",
year="2015",
author="Schwartz, Jennifer and Conover-Williams, Meredith and Clemons, Katie",
volume="10",
number="1",
pages="60-91",
abstract="Historically, crime groups rarely included women, but debates continue over whether women today are more violent, or have greater involvement in mixed-sex or all-female crime partnerships. We analyze variability in sex stratification of violent crime groups over time, and across situational offense characteristics, utilizing co-offending data from Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR; 1980-2007) for homicide and National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS; 1995-2007) for robbery, felony, and simple assault. Descriptive and multivariate results show crime groups remain highly sex-stratified and male-dominated, particularly when the offense is serious, instrumental, and involves strangers and/or access to weapons. Opposite-sex partners are more likely for expressive violence victimizing family/intimates.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1557-0851",
doi="10.1177/1557085114536765",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085114536765"
}