@article{ref1,
title="Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder",
journal="Journal of psychiatric research",
year="2015",
author="Bauer, Michael and Glenn, Tasha and Alda, Martin and Andreassen, Ole A. and Angelopoulos, Elias and Ardau, Raffaella and Baethge, Christopher and Bauer, Rita and Baune, Bernhard T. and Bellivier, Frank and Belmaker, Robert H. and Berk, Michael and Bjella, Thomas D. and Bossini, Letizia and Bersudsky, Yuly and Wo Cheung, Eric Yat and Conell, Jörn and Del Zompo, Maria and Dodd, Seetal and Etain, Bruno and Fagiolini, Andrea and Frye, Mark A. and Fountoulakis, Kostas N. and Garneau-Fournier, Jade and Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana and Gottlieb, John F. and Harima, Hirohiko and Hassel, Stefanie and Henry, Chantal and Iacovides, Apostolos and Isometsä, Erkki T. and Kapczinski, Flavio and Kliwicki, Sebastian and König, Barbara and Krogh, Rikke and Kunz, Mauricio and Lafer, Beny and Larsen, Erik R. and Lewitzka, Ute and Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos and MacQueen, Glenda and Manchia, Mirko and Marsh, Wendy and Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Mónica and Melle, Ingrid and Monteith, Scott and Morken, Gunnar and Munoz, Rodrigo and Nery, Fabiano G. and O'Donovan, Claire and Osher, Yamima and Pfennig, Andrea and Quiroz, Danilo and Ramesar, Raj and Rasgon, Natalie and Reif, Andreas and Ritter, Philipp and Rybakowski, Janusz K. and Sagduyu, Kemal and Miranda-Scippa, Angela and Severus, Emanuel and Simhandl, Christian and Stein, Dan J. and Strejilevich, Sergio and Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim and Suominen, Kirsi and Tagata, Hiromi and Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka and Torrent, Carla and Vieta, Eduard and Viswanath, Biju and Wanchoo, Mihir J. and Zetin, Mark and Whybrow, Peter C.",
volume="64",
number="",
pages="1-8",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Environmental conditions early in life may imprint the circadian system and influence response to environmental signals later in life. We previously determined that a large springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location was associated with a younger age of onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. This study investigated whether the hours of daylight at the birth location affected this association. <br><br>METHODS: Data collected previously at 36 collection sites from 23 countries were available for 3896 patients with bipolar I disorder, born between latitudes of 1.4 N and 70.7 N, and 1.2 S and 41.3 S. Hours of daylight variables for the birth location were added to a base model to assess the relation between the age of onset and solar insolation. <br><br>RESULTS: More hours of daylight at the birth location during early life was associated with an older age of onset, suggesting reduced vulnerability to the future circadian challenge of the springtime increase in solar insolation at the onset location. Addition of the minimum of the average monthly hours of daylight during the first 3 months of life improved the base model, with a significant positive relationship to age of onset. Coefficients for all other variables remained stable, significant and consistent with the base model. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Light exposure during early life may have important consequences for those who are susceptible to bipolar disorder, especially at latitudes with little natural light in winter. This study indirectly supports the concept that early life exposure to light may affect the long term adaptability to respond to a circadian challenge later in life.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3956",
doi="10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.013",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.013"
}