@article{ref1,
title="Childhood self-control and unemployment throughout the life span: evidence from two British cohort studies",
journal="Psychological science",
year="2015",
author="Daly, Michael and Delaney, Liam and Egan, Mark and Baumeister, Roy F.",
volume="26",
number="6",
pages="709-723",
abstract="The capacity for self-control may underlie successful labor-force entry and job retention, particularly in times of economic uncertainty. Analyzing unemployment data from two nationally representative British cohorts (N = 16,780), we found that low self-control in childhood was associated with the emergence and persistence of unemployment across four decades. On average, a 1-SD increase in self-control was associated with a reduction in the probability of unemployment of 1.4 percentage points after adjustment for intelligence, social class, and gender. From labor-market entry to middle age, individuals with low self-control experienced 1.6 times as many months of unemployment as those with high self-control. Analysis of monthly unemployment data before and during the 1980s recession showed that individuals with low self-control experienced the greatest increases in unemployment during the recession. Our results underscore the critical role of self-control in shaping life-span trajectories of occupational success and in affecting how macroeconomic conditions affect unemployment levels in the population.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-7976",
doi="10.1177/0956797615569001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797615569001"
}