@article{ref1,
title="Societal cost of traumatic brain injury: a comparison of cost-of-injuries related to biking with and without helmet use",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2015",
author="Costa, Camille K. and Dagher, Jehane H. and Lamoureux, Julie and De Guise, Elaine and Feyz, Mitra",
volume="29",
number="7-8",
pages="843-847",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to determine if a difference in societal costs exists from traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in patients who wear helmets compared to non-wearers. <br><br>METHODS: This is a retrospective cost-of-injury study of 128 patients admitted to the Montreal General Hospital (MGH) following a TBI that occurred while cycling between 2007-2011. Information was collected from Quebec Trauma Registry. The independent variables collected were socio-demographic, helmet status, clinical and neurological patient information. The dependent variables evaluated societal costs. <br><br>RESULTS: The median costs of hospitalization were significantly higher (p = 0.037) in the no helmet group ($7246.67 vs. $4328.17). No differences in costs were found for inpatient rehabilitation (p = 0.525), outpatient rehabilitation (p = 0.192), loss of productivity (p = 0.108) or death (p = 1.000). Overall, the differences in total societal costs between the helmet and no helmet group were not significantly different (p = 0.065). However, the median total costs for patients with isolated TBI in the non-helmet group ($22 232.82) was significantly higher (p = 0.045) compared to the helmet group ($13 920.15). <br><br>CONCLUSION: Cyclists sustaining TBIs who did not wear helmets in this study were found to cost society nearly double that of helmeted cyclists.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.3109/02699052.2015.1004758",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2015.1004758"
}