@article{ref1,
title="Permanent flame retardant finishing of textiles by allyl-functionalized polyphosphazenes",
journal="ACS applied materials and interfaces",
year="2015",
author="Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Knittel, Dierk and Gutmann, Jochen Stefan and Opwis, Klaus",
volume="7",
number="18",
pages="9349-9363",
abstract="Despite their excellent flame retardant properties, polyphosphazenes are currently not used as flame retardant agents for textile finishing, because a permanent fixation on the substrate surface has failed so far. Here, we present the successful synthesis and characterization of a non-combustible and foam-forming polyphosphazene derivative, that can be immobilized durably on cotton and different cotton/polyester blended fabrics using photo-induced grafting reactions. The flame retardant properties are improved, a higher limiting oxygen index is found and the modified textiles pass several standardized flammability tests. As flame retardant mechanism a synergistic effect between the immobilized polyphosphazene and the textile substrate was observed. The polyphosphazene finishing induces an earlier decomposition of the material with a reduced mass loss in thermogravimetric analysis. The decomposition of cotton and polyester leads to the formation of phosphorus oxynitride, which forms a protecting barrier layer on the fiber surface. In addition, the permanence of the flame retardant finishing was proven by laundry and abrasion tests.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1944-8244",
doi="10.1021/acsami.5b02141",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b02141"
}