@article{ref1,
title="Neuroanatomical correlates of the income-achievement gap",
journal="Psychological science",
year="2015",
author="Mackey, Allyson P. and Finn, Amy S. and Leonard, Julia A. and Jacoby-Senghor, Drew S. and West, Martin R. and Gabrieli, Christopher F. O. and Gabrieli, John D. E.",
volume="26",
number="6",
pages="925-933",
abstract="In the United States, the difference in academic achievement between higher- and lower-income students (i.e., the income-achievement gap) is substantial and growing. In the research reported here, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of this gap in adolescents (N = 58) in whom academic achievement was measured by statewide standardized testing. Cortical gray-matter volume was significantly greater in students from higher-income backgrounds (n = 35) than in students from lower-income backgrounds (n = 23), but cortical white-matter volume and total cortical surface area did not differ significantly between groups. Cortical thickness in all lobes of the brain was greater in students from higher-income than lower-income backgrounds. Greater cortical thickness, particularly in temporal and occipital lobes, was associated with better test performance. These results represent the first evidence that cortical thickness in higher- and lower-income students differs across broad swaths of the brain and that cortical thickness is related to scores on academic-achievement tests.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-7976",
doi="10.1177/0956797615572233",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797615572233"
}