@article{ref1,
title="A looming crisis: the distribution of off-road glance duration in moments leading up to crashes/near-crashes in naturalistic driving",
journal="Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society annual meeting",
year="2014",
author="Liang, Yulan and Lee, John D. and Horrey, William J.",
volume="58",
number="1",
pages="2102-2106",
abstract="Long glances away from the road present a significant risk to driving safety. The tail of the distribution for in-vehicle glance duration has been proposed to be more relevant to crash risk than the mean of the distribution. Using data collected in the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study (Dingus et al., 2006), this study examined the changes in the distribution of driver off-road glance duration, as well as in the frequency of such glances, at different time points before crash/near-crash events and compared with baseline (i.e., normal) driving. The results showed that the shape of the distribution of off-road glance duration at the onset of the precipitating factor of crashes/near-crashes was similar to the distribution in epochs during the preceding 25 seconds; nonetheless, the frequency of off-road glances increased in the approach to crashes/near-crash events. Compared with baseline epochs, drivers in crashes/near-crash events tended to look away from the forward road more often and with longer duration (i.e., with thicker tail end of the distributions; exceeding 1.7 seconds as observed in the distributions). It suggests that frequent off-road glances longer than 1.7 seconds present a high-risk glance pattern in the seconds preceding a safety- critical event and that the 2.0 second-threshold that is frequently cited in defining dangerously long off-road glances might be a liberal estimation.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2169-5067",
doi="10.1177/1541931214581442",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931214581442"
}