@article{ref1,
title="Implementing public private partnerships during challenging economic times: Case study of the 495 Express Lanes on the Virginia portion of the Washington Capital Beltway Project (USA)",
journal="Case studies on transport policy",
year="2013",
author="Daito, Nobuhiko and Chen, Zhenhua and Gifford, Jonathan L. and Porter, Tameka and Gudgel, John E.",
volume="1",
number="1-2",
pages="35-45",
abstract="This case study examines the implementation of the 495 Express Lanes - a major public-private partnership (P3) project in the Commonwealth of Virginia outside of Washington, DC. The project was approved by the Virginia legislature in December 2007 and construction was begun in the shadow of the 2008 Economic Crisis. This paper examines the enactment of P3 legislation in Virginia; the role that it played in the design, financing, and construction of this highway project under harsh economic conditions; and its impact on the evolution of P3 policy in the United States.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2213-624X",
doi="10.1016/j.cstp.2013.07.001",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2013.07.001"
}