@article{ref1,
title="Diagnosis of acute groin injuries: a prospective study of 110 athletes",
journal="American journal of sports medicine",
year="2015",
author="Serner, Andreas and Tol, Johannes L. and Jomaah, Nabil and Weir, Adam and Whiteley, Rodney and Thorborg, Kristian and Robinson, Matthew and Hölmich, Per",
volume="43",
number="8",
pages="1857-1864",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Acute groin injuries are common in high-intensity sports, but there are insufficient data on injury characteristics such as injury mechanisms and clinical and radiological findings. <br><br>PURPOSE: To describe these characteristics in a cohort of athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. <br><br>METHODS: A total of 110 male athletes (mean age, 25.6 ± 4.7 years) with sports-related acute groin pain were prospectively included within 7 days of injury from August 2012 to April 2014. Standardized history taking, a clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or ultrasound (US) were performed. <br><br>RESULTS: The most frequent injury mechanism in soccer was kicking (40%), and change of direction was most frequent in other sports (31%). Clinically, adductor injuries accounted for 66% of all injuries and primarily involved the adductor longus on imaging (91% US, 93% MRI). The iliopsoas and proximal rectus femoris were also frequently injured according to all examination modalities (15%-25%). Acute injury findings were negative in 22% of the MRI and 25% of the US examinations. Of the clinically diagnosed adductor injuries, 3% (US) and 6% (MRI) showed a radiological injury in a different location compared with 35% to 46% for clinically diagnosed iliopsoas and proximal rectus femoris injuries. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Adductor injuries account for the majority of acute groin injuries. Iliopsoas and proximal rectus femoris injuries are also common. More than 1 in 5 injuries showed no imaging signs of an acute injury. Clinically diagnosed adductor injuries were often confirmed on imaging, whereas iliopsoas and rectus femoris injuries showed a different radiological injury location in more than one-third of the cases. The discrepancy between clinical and radiological findings should be considered when diagnosing acute groin injuries.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0363-5465",
doi="10.1177/0363546515585123",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546515585123"
}