@article{ref1,
title="Hydrogen inhalation protects against acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation",
journal="Surgery",
year="2015",
author="Kohama, Keisuke and Yamashita, Hayato and Aoyama-Ishikawa, Michiko and Takahashi, Toru and Billiar, Timothy R. and Nishimura, Takeshi and Kotani, Joji and Nakao, Atsunori",
volume="158",
number="2",
pages="399-407",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhagic shock followed by fluid resuscitation (HS/R) triggers an inflammatory response and causes pulmonary inflammation that can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). Hydrogen, a therapeutic gas, has potent cytoprotective, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study examined the effects of inhaled hydrogen on ALI caused by HS/R. <br><br>METHODS: Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock by withdrawing blood to lower blood pressure followed by resuscitation with shed blood and saline to restore blood pressure. After HS/R, the rats were maintained in a control gas of similar composition to room air or exposed to 1.3% hydrogen. <br><br>RESULTS: HS/R induced ALI, as demonstrated by significantly impaired gas exchange, congestion, edema, cellular infiltration, and hemorrhage in the lungs. Hydrogen inhalation mitigated lung injury after HS/R, as indicated by significantly improved gas exchange and reduced cellular infiltration and hemorrhage. Hydrogen inhalation did not affect hemodynamic status during HS/R. Exposure to 1.3% hydrogen significantly attenuated the upregulation of the messenger RNAs for several proinflammatory mediators induced by HS/R. Lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly in the presence of hydrogen, indicating antioxidant effects. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Hydrogen, administered through inhalation, may exert potent therapeutic effects against ALI induced by HS/R and attenuate the activation of inflammatory cascades.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0039-6060",
doi="10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.038",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.038"
}