@article{ref1,
title="Resonance of human brain under head acceleration",
journal="Journal of the Royal Society, Interface",
year="2015",
author="Laksari, Kaveh and Wu, Lyndia C. and Kurt, Mehmet and Kuo, Calvin and Camarillo, David C.",
volume="12",
number="108",
pages="e331-e331",
abstract="Although safety standards have reduced fatal head trauma due to single severe head impacts, mild trauma from repeated head exposures may carry risks of long-term chronic changes in the brain's function and structure. To study the physical sensitivities of the brain to mild head impacts, we developed the first dynamic model of the skull-brain based on in vivo MRI data. We showed that the motion of the brain can be described by a rigid-body with constrained kinematics. We further demonstrated that skull-brain dynamics can be approximated by an under-damped system with a low-frequency resonance at around 15 Hz. Furthermore, from our previous field measurements, we found that head motions in a variety of activities, including contact sports, show a primary frequency of less than 20 Hz. This implies that typical head exposures may drive the brain dangerously close to its mechanical resonance and lead to amplified brain-skull relative motions. Our results suggest a possible cause for mild brain trauma, which could occur due to repetitive low-acceleration head oscillations in a variety of recreational and occupational activities.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1742-5689",
doi="10.1098/rsif.2015.0331",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0331"
}