@article{ref1,
title="Correlation between crash avoidance maneuvers and injury severity sustained by motorcyclists in single-vehicle crashes",
journal="Traffic injury prevention",
year="2016",
author="Wang, Chen and Lu, Linjun and Lu, Jian and Wang, Tao",
volume="17",
number="2",
pages="188-194",
abstract="Objectives In order to improve motorcycle safety, this paper examines correlation between crash avoidance maneuvers and injury severity sustained by motorcyclists, under multiple pre-crash conditions. <br><br>METHOD Ten-year crash data of single-vehicle motorcycle crashes from the General Estimates Systems (GES) were analyzed, using partial proportional odds models (i.e. generalized ordered logit models). <br><br>RESULTS The modelling results show that &quot;braking (no lockup)&quot; is associated with a higher probability of increased severity while &quot;braking (lockup)&quot; is associated with a higher probability of decreased severity, under all pre-crash conditions. &quot;Steering&quot; is associated with a higher probability of reduced injury severity when other vehicles are encroaching, while it is correlated with high injury severity under other conditions. &quot;Braking and steering&quot; is significantly associated with a higher probability of low severity under &quot;animal encounter and object presence&quot;, while it is surprisingly correlated with high injury severity when motorcycles are travelling off the edge of the road. The results also show that a large number of motorcyclists did not perform any crash avoidance maneuvers or conducted crash avoidance maneuvers that are significantly associated with high injury severity. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS In general, this study suggests that pre-crash maneuvers is an important factor associated with motorcyclists' injury severity. To improve motorcycle safety, training/educational programs are suggested to be considered, for it could improve safety awareness and adjust driving habits of motorcyclists. Anti-lock brakes and such systems are also promising, because they could effectively prevent brake lock-up and assist motorcyclists in maneuvering during critical conditions. This study also provides valuable information for the design of motorcycle training curriculum.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-9588",
doi="10.1080/15389588.2015.1045502",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1045502"
}