@article{ref1,
title="Levodopa is a double-edged sword for balance and gait in people with Parkinson's disease",
journal="Movement disorders",
year="2015",
author="Curtze, Carolin and Nutt, John G. and Carlson-Kuhta, Patricia and Mancini, Martina and Horak, Fay Bahling",
volume="30",
number="10",
pages="1361-1370",
abstract="The effects of levodopa on balance and gait function in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) is controversial. This study compared the relative responsiveness to l-dopa on six domains of balance and gait: postural sway in stance; gait pace; dynamic stability; gait initiation; arm swing; and turning in people with mild and severe PD, with and without dyskinesia. We studied 104 subjects with idiopathic PD (H & Y II [n = 52] and III-IV [n = 52]) and 64 age-matched controls. Subjects performed a mobility task in the practical off state and on l-dopa: standing quietly for 30 seconds, initiating gait, walking 7 meters, and turning 180 degrees. Thirty-four measures of mobility were computed from inertial sensors. Standardized response means were used to determine relative responsiveness to l-dopa. The largest improvements with l-dopa were found for arm swing and pace-related gait measures. Gait dynamic stability was unaffected by PD and not responsive to l-dopa. l-dopa reduced turning duration, but only in subjects with severe PD. In contrast to gait, postural sway in quiet standing increased with l-dopa, especially in the more severely affected subjects. The increase in postural sway, as well as decrease in turning duration and exaggerated arm swing with l-dopa was observed only for subjects with dyskinesia at the time of testing. The observed spectrum of l-dopa responsiveness in balance and gait measures suggests that multiple neural circuits control balance and gait. Many of the negative effects of l-dopa may be directly or indirectly caused by dyskinesia. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-3185",
doi="10.1002/mds.26269",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.26269"
}