@article{ref1,
title="Sleep in traumatic brain injury",
journal="Critical care clinics",
year="2015",
author="Vermaelen, James and Greiffenstein, Patrick and deBoisblanc, Bennett P.",
volume="31",
number="3",
pages="551-561",
abstract="More than one-half million patients are hospitalized annually for traumatic brain injury (TBI). One-quarter demonstrate sleep-disordered breathing, up to 50% experience insomnia, and half have hypersomnia. Sleep disturbances after TBI may result from injury to sleep-regulating brain tissue, nonspecific neurohormonal responses to systemic injury, ICU environmental interference, and medication side effects. A diagnosis of sleep disturbances requires a high index of suspicion and appropriate testing. Treatment starts with a focus on making the ICU environment conducive to normal sleep. Treating sleep-disordered breathing likely has outcome benefits in TBI. The use of sleep promoting sedative-hypnotics and anxiolytics should be judicious.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0749-0704",
doi="10.1016/j.ccc.2015.03.012",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2015.03.012"
}