@article{ref1,
title="A review of hazard anticipation training programs for young drivers",
journal="Journal of Adolescent Health",
year="2015",
author="McDonald, Catherine C. and Goodwin, Arthur H. and Pradhan, Anuj K. and Romoser, Matthew R. E. and Williams, Allan F.",
volume="57",
number="Suppl 1",
pages="S15-S23",
abstract="PURPOSE: Poor hazard anticipation skills are a risk factor associated with high motor vehicle crash rates of young drivers. A number of programs have been developed to improve these skills. The purpose of this review was to assess the empirical literature on hazard anticipation training for young drivers. <br><br>METHODS: Studies were included if they (1) included an assessment of hazard anticipation training outcomes; (2) were published between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2013 in an English language peer-reviewed journal or conference proceeding; and (3) included at least one group that uniquely comprised a cohort of participants aged <21 years. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. <br><br>RESULTS: Studies used a variety of training methods including interactive computer programs, videos, simulation, commentary driving, or a combination of approaches. Training effects were predominantly measured through computer-based testing and driving simulation with eye tracking. Four studies included an on-road evaluation. Most studies evaluated short-term outcomes (immediate or few days). In all studies, young drivers showed improvement in selected hazard anticipation outcomes but none investigated crash effects. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although there is promise in existing programs, future research should include long-term follow-up, evaluate crash outcomes, and assess the optimal timing of hazard anticipation training taking into account the age and experience level of young drivers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1054-139X",
doi="10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.02.013",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.02.013"
}