@article{ref1,
title="The association between traumatic brain injury and suicide: are kids at risk?",
journal="American journal of epidemiology",
year="2015",
author="Richard, Yvonne F. and Swaine, Bonnie R. and Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre and Lesage, Alain and Zhang, Xun and Feldman, Debbie Ehrmann",
volume="182",
number="2",
pages="177-184",
abstract="Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in late adolescence and adulthood is associated with a higher risk of suicide; however, it is unknown whether this association is also present in people who sustained a TBI during childhood. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether experiencing a TBI during childhood is a risk factor for suicide later in life and to examine whether the risk of suicide differs by sex or injury severity. A cohort of 135,703 children aged 0-17 years was identified from the Quebec population-based physician reimbursement database in 1987, and follow-up was conducted until 2008. Of the children in this cohort, 21,047 had sustained a TBI. Using a survival analysis with time-dependent indicators of TBI, we found a higher risk of suicide for people who sustained a TBI during childhood (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.14), adolescence (HR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.26), and adulthood (HR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.79, 3.59). When compared with less severe injuries, such as concussions and cranial fractures, more severe injuries, such as intracranial hemorrhages, were associated with a higher risk of suicide (HR = 2.18 vs. 2.77, respectively). Repeated injuries were associated with higher risks of suicide in all age groups.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9262",
doi="10.1093/aje/kwv014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv014"
}