@article{ref1,
title="Descriptive analysis of the nature and extent of bullying behavior in a maximum-security prison",
journal="Aggressive behavior",
year="2000",
author="Ireland, Carol A. and Ireland, Jane L.",
volume="26",
number="3",
pages="213-223",
abstract="This aim of this study was to investigate the nature and extent of direct and indirect bullying in a maximum-security prison and to assess prisoners' attitudes toward victims of bullying. A total of 194 adult male prisoners completed the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behavior Checklist (DIPC) [Ireland (1998): University of Central Lancashire; Ireland (1999a): Aggressive Behavior] and a modified version of the Rigby and Slee [1991: J Social Psychol 131:615-627] provictim scale. The results showed that more than half of the prisoners sampled had been bullied in the past week. Only a small number of prisoners could be classified as either a pure bully or a pure victim, with almost half classified as both a bully and a victim. The most frequent types of bullying used were psychological/verbal and indirect forms. No significant differences were found between pure bullies, bully/victims, pure victims, and the not involved groups' attitudes toward the victims of bullying. These findings hold implications for anti-bullying programs that fail to fully consider the prevalence of indirect forms of bullying and that an individual can be both a bully and a victim. <p />",
language="en",
issn="0096-140X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}