@article{ref1,
title="Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression",
journal="Aggressive behavior",
year="1998",
author="Papps, BP and O'Carroll, Ronan E.",
volume="24",
number="6",
pages="421-438",
abstract="This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom, It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest, These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction, The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. <p />",
language="en",
issn="0096-140X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}