@article{ref1,
title="Measuring effortful control using the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form: modeling matters",
journal="Journal of personality assessment",
year="2015",
author="Backer-Grøndahl, Agathe and Nærde, Ane and Ulleberg, Pal and Janson, Harald",
volume="98",
number="1",
pages="100-109",
abstract="Effortful control (EC) is an important concept in the research on self-regulation in children. We tested 2 alternative factor models of EC as measured by the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form (CBQ-VSF; Putnam & Rothbart, 2006 ) in a large sample of preschoolers (N = 1,007): 1 lower order and 1 hierarchical second-order structure. Additionally, convergent and predictive validity of EC as measured by the CBQ-VSF were investigated. The results supported a hierarchical model. Moderate convergent validity of the second-order latent EC factor was found in that it correlated with compliance and observed EC tasks. Both CBQ-VSF EC measures were also negatively correlated with child physical aggression. The results have implications for the measurement, modeling, and interpretation of EC applying the CBQ.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3891",
doi="10.1080/00223891.2015.1056303",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1056303"
}