@article{ref1,
title="Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="2015",
author="Richardson, Robin and Westley, Tracy and Gariepy, Geneviève and Austin, Nichole and Nandi, Arijit",
volume="50",
number="11",
pages="1641-1656",
abstract="PURPOSE: The evidence linking neighborhood socioeconomic conditions (NSEC) with depression is mixed. We performed a systematic review of this literature, including a rigorous quality assessment that was used to explore if methodological or contextual factors explained heterogeneity across studies. <br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search in three databases identified longitudinal studies among adolescents and adults living in high-income countries. Two independent reviewers screened studies for inclusion and performed data abstraction. We conducted a formal quality assessment and investigated sources of study heterogeneity. <br><br>RESULTS: Our database search identified 3711 articles, 84 of which were determined to be potentially relevant, and 14 articles were included in this review. About half of the studies found a significant association between NSEC and depression, and pooled estimates suggest poorer socioeconomic conditions were associated with higher odds of depression (OR = 1.14, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.28). Study results varied by follow-up time. Among studies with less than 5 years of follow-up, there was a significant association between NSEC and depression (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI 1.13, 1.44), although pooling of study results may not be warranted due to heterogeneity across studies. Among studies with at least 5 years of follow-up, which were homogeneous, there was no association (OR = 1.00, 95 % CI 0.95, 1.06) between NSEC and depression. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We found inconsistent evidence in support of a longitudinal association between NSEC and depression, and heterogeneity according to the length of follow-up time might partly explain the mixed evidence observed in the literature on NSEC and depression.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="10.1007/s00127-015-1092-4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-015-1092-4"
}