@article{ref1,
title="Intimate relationships and personal distress: the invisible harm of psychological aggression",
journal="Personality and social psychology bulletin",
year="2015",
author="Arriaga, Ximena B. and Schkeryantz, Emily L.",
volume="41",
number="10",
pages="1332-1344",
abstract="Aggression in intimate relationships is pervasive, has been implicated in personal distress, and yet may not be perceived as harmful. Two studies (cross-sectional, longitudinal) examined whether being the target of psychologically aggressive behavior by a partner is uniquely associated with personal distress, beyond the effects of general couple functioning, perpetrating aggression, or experiencing physical aggression. New instances of psychological aggression by a partner predicted increases in personal distress. Study 2 also examined participants' perceptions of what causes them stress. Although psychological aggression by a partner predicted personal distress, participants did not perceive their relationship as a source of stress. This suggests a pattern of &quot;invisible harm&quot; in which individuals victimized by psychological aggression may not recognize the harm they are experiencing.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-1672",
doi="10.1177/0146167215594123",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167215594123"
}