@article{ref1,
title="Trends in cyberbullying and school bullying victimization in a regional census of high school students, 2006-2012",
journal="Journal of school health",
year="2015",
author="Kessel Schneider, Shari and O'Donnell, Lydia and Smith, Erin",
volume="85",
number="9",
pages="611-620",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Schools are increasingly being called upon to address cyberbullying and its consequences. This study compares cyberbullying and school bullying trends and examines help-seeking among cyberbullying victims. <br><br>METHODS: We analyzed self-report data over 4 surveys (2006-2012) from more than 16,000 students in 17 MetroWest Boston high schools. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined school and cyberbullying victimization trends by sex, grade, and sexual orientation. <br><br>RESULTS: From 2006 to 2012, cyberbullying increased from 15% to 21% (p < .001). In 2006, school bullying was 1.7 times higher than cyberbullying (26% versus 15%); by 2012, school bullying and cyberbullying were similar (23% versus 21%). Cyberbullying increased more among girls (17% to 27%; p < .001) than boys (12% to 15%; p < .001). There was no net increase in school bullying among girls (26% in 2006 and 2012) and a decrease among boys (25% to 18%; p < .001). Sexual minorities were more likely than heterosexuals to be bullied at school and online at every survey. Only 33% of cyberbullying victims told an adult; more victims told parents/non-school adults (29%) than school adults (17%). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite decreases in school bullying, cyberbullying rose steadily, particularly among girls. Increased attention to sociodemographic differences in bullying could promote help-seeking and positive online behavior.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4391",
doi="10.1111/josh.12290",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12290"
}