@article{ref1,
title="The influence of rail surface irregularities on contact forces and local stresses",
journal="Vehicle system dynamics",
year="2015",
author="Andersson, Robin and Torstensson, Peter T. and Kabo, Elena and Larsson, Fredrik",
volume="53",
number="1",
pages="68-87",
abstract="The effect of initial rail surface irregularities on promoting further surface degradation is investigated. The study concerns rolling contact fatigue formation, in particular in the form of the so-called squats. The impact of surface irregularities in the form of dimples is quantified by peak magnitudes of dynamic contact stresses and contact forces. To this end simulations of two-dimensional (later extended to three-dimensional) vertical dynamic vehicle-track interaction are employed. The most influencing parameters are identified. It is shown that even very shallow dimples might have a large impact on local contact stresses. Peak magnitudes of contact forces and stresses due to the influence of rail dimples are shown to exceed those due to rail corrugation.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0042-3114",
doi="10.1080/00423114.2014.982890",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2014.982890"
}