@article{ref1,
title="Multiple substance use patterns in adolescents-a multilevel latent class analysis",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2015",
author="Tomczyk, Samuel and Hanewinkel, Reiner and Isensee, Barbara",
volume="155",
number="",
pages="208-214",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Multiple substance use among adolescents is associated with a number of negative consequences. Therefore, we aim to investigate multiple substance use patterns among young adolescents and identify possible multilevel predictors. <br><br>METHODS: We analyzed a longitudinal sample of 2490 German students (51% male; Mage=13.32, SD=0.57) at 45 schools in four German states (Bremen, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Schleswig-Holstein), who completed two assessments in fall, 2010 and fall, 2013. We conducted multilevel latent class analysis for follow-up data on a variety of outcomes, and tested our final 3-class-model for possible baseline predictors. Follow-up substance use measures included lifetime use, current use, and amount of substance for cigarettes and alcohol. Baseline covariates comprised age, gender, socio-economic status, bullying, victimization, peer and parental use, type of school, and health certification of school. <br><br>RESULTS: We identified three latent classes: non-users (n=1541; 61.9%), experimenters (n=722; 29.0%), and multiusers (n=227; 9.1%). Experimental consumption was predicted by higher baseline age (OR=1.71; 1.31-2.24), paternal drinking (OR=2.89; 1.23-6.79), and school type (OR=2.57; 1.83-3.61), while multiuse was predicted by peer smoking (OR=2.94; 1.80-4.80) and drinking (OR=2.13; 1.32-3.44), maternal drinking (OR=6.26; 2.02-19.43), bullying (OR=1.69; 1.15-2.48), higher age (OR=1.92; 1.40-2.62), and school type (OR=4.76; 2.75-8.24) compared to the non-users class. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Prevention and further research on multiple substance use need to concentrate on social influence models and behavior-related interventions, especially at schools without a college-preparatory track.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.016",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.016"
}