@article{ref1,
title="Injuries and musculoskeletal pain among Norwegian group fitness instructors",
journal="European journal of sport science",
year="2015",
author="Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid and Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn and Myklebust, Grethe",
volume="15",
number="8",
pages="784-792",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence and factors associated with instruction-related injuries and musculoskeletal pain among group fitness instructors. <br><br>DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTINGS: Online survey. PARTICIPANTS: Group fitness instructors from three fitness centre companies in Norway (n = 1473). Assessment of independent variables: questions regarding duration of working as a group fitness instructor, weekly instruction and exercise loading and modality, instruction-related injuries, musculoskeletal pain, use of alcohol, tobacco, snuff, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating (Eating Disorder Inventory, EDI). The respondents were divided into high instruction loading (HIL), ≥5 h/w with instruction; and low instruction loading (LIL), <5 h/w with instruction). <br><br>RESULTS: The response rate was 57% (n = 837). Mean total loading (instruction and exercise) was 11.8 h/w and 6.3 h/w in the HIL and LIL groups (p < .001), respectively. The prevalence of acute (9% vs. 6%, p < .05), overuse (38% vs. 24%, p < .001) and both acute and overuse injuries (25% vs. 10%, p < .001) was higher in the HIL than in the LIL group (OR: 3.9, CI: 2.7, 5.5). The most prevalent injury locations were ankle and lower leg. The most frequent location for musculoskeletal pain was the shoulder/neck region. Factors associated with injury were instruction loading (h/w), years working as an instructor and EDI score. A high total EDI score predicted musculoskeletal pain. <br><br>CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of injuries and musculoskeletal pain suggests a need for prevention strategies in the fitness industry. There is a need for limits regarding weekly instruction loading, especially for classes with high metabolic and/or mechanical loading.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1746-1391",
doi="10.1080/17461391.2015.1062564",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2015.1062564"
}