@article{ref1,
title="Prenatal exposure to the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos and childhood tremor",
journal="Neurotoxicology",
year="2015",
author="Rauh, Virginia A. and Garcia, Wanda E. and Whyatt, Robin M. and Horton, Megan K. and Barr, Dana B. and Louis, Elan D.",
volume="51",
number="",
pages="80-86",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), widely used for agricultural purposes, has been linked to neurodevelopmental deficits. Possible motor effects at low to moderate levels of exposure have not been evaluated. <br><br>METHODS: Prenatal exposure to CPF was measured in umbilical cord blood in a sample of 263 inner-city minority children, who were followed prospectively. At approximately 11 years of age (mean age 10.9±0.85 years, range=9.0-13.9), during a neuropsychological assessment, children were asked to draw Archimedes spirals. These were rated by a senior neurologist specializing in movement disorders who was blind to CPF exposure level. <br><br>RESULTS: Compared to all other children, those with prenatal CPF exposure in the upper quartile range (n=43) were more likely to exhibit mild or mild to moderate tremor (≥1) in either arm (p=0.03), both arms (p=0.02), the dominant arm (p=0.01), and the non-dominant arm (p=0.055). Logistic regression analyses showed significant CPF effects on tremor in both arms, either arm, the dominant arm (p-values <0.05), and the non-dominant arm (p=0.06), after adjustment for sex, age at testing, ethnicity, and medication. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Prenatal CPF exposure is associated with tremor in middle childhood, which may be a sign of the insecticide's effects on nervous system function.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0161-813X",
doi="10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.004",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.004"
}