@article{ref1,
title="Racial/ethnic disparities in boys' probability of arrest and court actions in 1980 and 2000: the disproportionate impact of "getting tough'' on crime",
journal="Youth violence and juvenile justice",
year="2015",
author="Stevens, Tia and Morash, Merry",
volume="13",
number="1",
pages="77-95",
abstract="This study was designed to examine whether the shift in juvenile justice policy toward punitive sanctioning disproportionately impacted racial and ethnic minority boys. Using a nationally representative sample derived from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 and 1997 (NLSY79, NLSY97), this study examines 1980-2000 differences in contact with the justice system, controlling for self-reported delinquency. <br><br>RESULTS confirmed that boys in 2000 were significantly more likely than those in 1980 to report being charged with a crime. Once charged, they were less likely to be diverted and more likely to be convicted and placed in a correctional institution. Consideration of interaction effects revealed these effects were magnified for Black and Hispanic males. These findings provide evidence of a general trend toward more punitive treatment of boys in the juvenile justice system, especially racial and ethnic minority boys.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1541-2040",
doi="10.1177/1541204013515280",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204013515280"
}