@article{ref1,
title="Mapping activity patterns to quantify risk of violent assault in urban environments",
journal="Epidemiology",
year="2015",
author="Wiebe, Douglas J. and Richmond, Therese S. and Guo, Wensheng and Allison, Paul D. and Hollander, Judd E. and Nance, Michael L. and Branas, Charles C.",
volume="27",
number="1",
pages="32-41",
abstract="BACKGROUND: We collected detailed activity paths of urban youth to investigate the dynamic interplay between their lived experiences,time spent in different environments,and risk of violent assault. <br><br>METHODS: We mapped activity pathsof10-24 year-olds, including 143 assault patients shot with a firearm, 206 assault patients injured with other types of weapons, and 283 community controls, creating a step-by-step mapped record of how, when, where, and with whom they spent time over a full day from waking up until going to bed or being assaulted. Case-control analyses compared cases to time-matched controls to identify risk factors for assault. Case-crossover analyses compared cases at the time of assault to themselves earlier in the day to investigate whether exposure increases acted to the trigger assault. <br><br>RESULTS: Gunshot assault risks included being alone (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.3-1.9) and were lower in areas with high neighbor connectedness (OR=0.7, 95%CI=0.6-0.8). Acquiring a gun (OR=1.4, 95%CI=1.1-1.6) and entering areas with more vacancy, violence and vandalism (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.7) appeared to trigger the risk of getting shot shortly thereafter. Non-gunshot assault risks included being in areas with recreation centers (OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.1-1.4). Entering an area with higher truancy (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.5) and more vacancy, violence and vandalism appeared to trigger the risk of non-gunshot assault. Risks varied by age group. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We achieved a large scale study of the activities of many boys, adolescents, and young men that systematically documented their experiences and empirically quantified risks for violence. Working at a temporal and spatial scale that is relevant to the dynamics of this phenomenon gave novel insights into triggers for violent assault.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1044-3983",
doi="10.1097/EDE.0000000000000395",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000395"
}