@article{ref1,
title="Universal school-based depression prevention 'Op Volle Kracht': a longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial",
journal="Journal of abnormal child psychology",
year="2015",
author="Tak, Yuli R. and Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Anna and Gillham, Jane E. and Van Zundert, Rinka M. P. and Engels, Rutger C. M. E.",
volume="44",
number="5",
pages="949-961",
abstract="The longitudinal effectiveness of a universal, adolescent school-based depression prevention program Op Volle Kracht (OVK) was evaluated by means of a cluster randomized controlled trial with intervention and control condition (school as usual). OVK was based on the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) (Gillham et al. Psychological Science, 6, 343-351, 1995). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs 2001). In total, 1341 adolescents participated, Mage = 13.91, SD = 0.55, 47.3 % girls, 83.1 % Dutch ethnicity; intervention group n = 655, four schools; control group n = 735, five schools. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed that OVK did not prevent depressive symptoms, β = -0.01, SE = 0.05, p = .829, Cohen's d = 0.02, and the prevalence of an elevated level of depressive symptoms was not different between groups at 1 year follow-up, OR = 1.00, 95 % CI = 0.60-1.65, p = .992, NNT = 188. Latent Growth Curve Modeling over the 2 year follow-up period showed that OVK did not predict differences in depressive symptoms immediately following intervention, intercept: β = 0.02, p = .642, or changes in depressive symptoms, slope: β = -0.01, p = .919. No moderation by gender or baseline depressive symptoms was found. To conclude, OVK was not effective in preventing depressive symptoms across the 2 year follow-up. The implications of these findings are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0627",
doi="10.1007/s10802-015-0080-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0080-1"
}