@article{ref1,
title="Infant and adult pupil dilation in response to unexpected sounds",
journal="Developmental psychobiology",
year="2015",
author="Wetzel, Nicole and Buttelmann, David and Schieler, Andy and Widmann, Andreas",
volume="58",
number="3",
pages="382-392",
abstract="Surprisingly occurring sounds outside the focus of attention can involuntarily capture attention. This study focuses on the impact of deviant sounds on the pupil size as a marker of auditory involuntary attention in infants. We presented an oddball paradigm including four types of deviant sounds within a sequence of repeated standard sounds to 14-month-old infants and to adults. Environmental and noise deviant sounds elicited a strong pupil dilation response (PDR) in both age groups. In contrast, moderate frequency deviants elicited a significant PDR in adults only. Moreover, a principal component analysis revealed two components underlying the PDR. Component scores differ, depending on deviant types, between age groups. <br><br>RESULTS indicate age effects of parasympathetic inhibition and sympathetic activation of the pupil size caused by deviant sounds with a high arousing potential. <br><br>RESULTS demonstrate that the PDR is a sensitive tool for the investigation of involuntary attention to sounds in preverbal children. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0012-1630",
doi="10.1002/dev.21377",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.21377"
}