@article{ref1,
title="Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States",
journal="Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety",
year="2015",
author="Major, Jacqueline M. and Zhou, Esther H. and Wong, Hui-Lee and Trinidad, James P. and Pham, Tracy M. and Mehta, Hina and Ding, Yulan and Staffa, Judy A. and Iyasu, Solomon and Wang, Cunlin and Willy, Mary E.",
volume="25",
number="5",
pages="590-598",
abstract="PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to summarize trends in rates of adverse events attributable to acetaminophen use, including hepatotoxicity and mortality. <br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of data from three national surveillance systems estimated rates of acetaminophen-related events identified in different settings, including calls to poison centers (2008-2012), emergency department visits (2004-2012), and inpatient hospitalizations (1998-2011). Rates of acetaminophen-related events were calculated per setting, census population, and distributed drug units. <br><br>RESULTS: Rates of poison center calls with acetaminophen-related exposures decreased from 49.5/1000 calls in 2009 to 43.5/1000 calls in 2012. Rates of emergency department visits for unintentional acetaminophen-related adverse events decreased from 58.0/1000 emergency department visits for adverse drug events in 2009 to 50.2/1000 emergency department visits in 2012. Rates of hospital inpatient discharges with acetaminophen-related poisoning decreased from 119.8/100 000 hospitalizations in 2009 to 108.6/100 000 hospitalizations in 2011. After 2009, population rates of acetaminophen-related events per 1 million census population decreased for poison center calls and hospitalizations, while emergency department visit rates remained stable. However, when accounting for drug sales, the rate of acetaminophen-related events (per 1 million distributed drug units) increased after 2009. Prior to 2009, the rates of acetaminophen-related hospitalizations had been slowly increasing (p-trend = 0.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Acetaminophen-related adverse events continue to be a public health burden. Future studies with additional time points are necessary to confirm trends and determine whether recent risk mitigation efforts had a beneficial impact on acetaminophen-related adverse events. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1053-8569",
doi="10.1002/pds.3906",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.3906"
}